DIRECTIONS:

Each question below contains four suggested responses.

Please choose by crossing the one best response to each question

1. Which of the following statement is CORRECT concerning a genomics?

  A. The totality of genetic information belonging to a cell or an organism

  B. The science of studying the DNA sequences and properties of entire genomes.

  C. The genome present in the mitochondria of a eukaryotic cell. 

  D. The DNA molecules present in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. 

2. What is the covalent bond between adjacent nucleotides in a polynucleotide?

A. Phosphodiester bond     B. Hydrogen bond.   C. Base-pairing.  D. β-N-glycosidic bond

3. Which of the following is NOT a component of nucleotide of  RNA?

  A. 2′-deoxyribose            B. A nitrogenous base   C. A phosphate group     D. ribose

4. The identification of the transforming principle proved that _______________

A. genetic information was transmitted by a polysaccharide

B. Streptococcus pneumoniae evolved from Pneumococcus

C. genetic information is contained in DNA

D. there is no protein in chromosomes

5. Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning the differences between DNA and RNA?

  A. RNA is usually single-stranded, but DNA is double-stranded. 

  B. RNA has the sugar deoxyribose, but DNA has the sugar ribose. 

  C. RNA contains  four nucleotides but DNA contains three different nucleotides. 

  D. RNA lacks the base uracil, but DNA lacks the base thymine

6. The fact that some viruses use DNA to direct their heredity was demonstrated by

A. finding radioactive sulfur from a bacteriophage in a bacterium.

B. finding radioactive phosphorus from a bacterium in a bacteriophage.

C. finding radioactive phosphorus from a bacteriophage in a bacterium.

D. finding radioactive sulfur from a bacterium in a bacteriophage.

7. RNA polynucleotides contain 3′–5′ phosphodiester bonds, but these phosphodiester bonds are less stable than those in a DNA polynucleotide. This phenomenon is caused by the indirect effect of the hydroxyl group at _______

  A. the 2′-position of the base 

  B. the 2′-position of the phosphate group

  C. the 2′-position of the sugar 

  D. the 3′-position of the sugar 

8. Who discovered the DNA double helix structure on Saturday 7 March 1953?

A. Erwin Chargaff                                     B. Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty

C. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase       D. Watson and Crick

9. Who carried out the base ratio studies of DNA?

  A. Watson and Crick                             B. Colin MacLeod and Maclyn McCarty 

  C. Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase   D. Erwin Chargaff 

10. Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning DNA transposons?

A. In eukaryotes, DNA transposons are more common than retrotransposons

B. DNA transposons are NOT require an RNA intermediate.

C. DNA transposons discoverd by Barbara McClintock in the 1950s.

D. DNA transposons are a much more important component of prokaryotic genome anatomies than the RNA transposons

11. Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning the genome size?

  A. Fungi having the smallest genomes in eukaryote

  B. Vertebrates and flowering plants having the largest genomes 

  C. Escherichia coli K12 genome is larger than Drosophila melanogaster genome. 

  D. Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome is larger than E. coli K12 genome

12. All of the following are the basic mechanism steps of retrotransposition,  EXCEPT_______

A. The RNA transcript is translated into protein

B. An RNA copy of the transposon is synthesized by the normal process of transcription.

C. The RNA transcript is copied into DNA.

D. The DNA copy integrates into the genome

13.  Which of the following is INCORRECT concerning the gene categories in a eukaryotic genome?

  A. The genes can be classified according to their function 

  B. The genes can be categorized according to the protein domains that they specify. 

  C. Th protein structure classification can not be applied to genes whose functions are not known. 

  D. Th gene function classification leaves out a proportion of the total gene set.

14. What is the final product of genome expression?

A. transcriptome    B. proteome.    C  genome.   D. metagenome.

15. Which of the following statement about the prokaryotic genome is INCORRECT?

  A. Most prokaryotic genomes are more than 5 Mb in size. 

  B. Most prokaryotic genomes is a single circular DNA molecule. 

  C. The E. coli genome is supercoiled. 

  D. Prokaryotic genome is localized within the nucleoid

16. Prokaryotes may have additional genes on independent smaller, circular or linear DNA molecules called _______

A. vector     B. virus.     C  plasmid.   D. cosmid.

17. Which of the following type of repetitive DNA have arisen by transposition?

  A. Tandemly repeated DNA    B. Interspersed repeats    C. Minisatellite    D. Microsatellites 

18. The traditional view has been that in a typical prokaryote the genome is contained in a single circular DNA molecule, localized within _______

A. nucleoid    B. nucleolus.     C  plasmid.     D. nucleus

19. The mode of transposition that involves an RNA intermediate, is known as ___________

  A. retrotransposition                    B. replicative transposition 

  C. conservative transposition      D. replication slippage 

20. Which of the following is type of tandemly repeated DNA that form clusters < 150 bp and the repeat unit 13 bp or less?

  A. DNA satellite    B. Interspersed repeats    C. Minisatellite    D. Microsatellites 

21. What is the initial product of genome expression?

  A. transcriptome    B. proteome    C. genome    D. metagenome 

22. Which of the following is a segment of DNA that is capable of moving itself from one piece of DNA to another piece of DNA?

A. Transposon   B. Vector     C. Plasmid    D. Phage

23. All of the following statements about the genetic content of organelle genomes are true, EXCEPT

  A. Organelle genomes are much smaller than their nuclear genomes 

  B. All mitochondrial genomes contain genes for the non-coding rRNAs 

  C. Organelle genomes specify all of the proteins found in the organelle

  D. Most chloroplast genomes possess gen for code rRNAs and tRNAs 

24. Which of the following is plasmid that are found in Agrobacterium tumifaciens and are responsible for the formation of crown gall tumors in plants?

A. pUC18       B. Yip       C. Ti Plasmid       D. YEp

25. Which of the following genome expression process that influence chromatin structure and nucleosome positioning in the parts of the genome that contain active genes?

  A. Accessing the genome     B. RNA degradation  

  C. Synthesis of RNA            D. Processing of RNA 

26. The conversion of RNA to DNA requires a special enzyme called ______________

  A. reverse transcriptase        B. transposase 

  C. reverse transcriptase        D. template-dependent DNA polymerase 

27. Which of the following is ‘satellite' DNA that formed by clusters up to 20 kb in length, with repeat units up to 25 bp?

  A. Minisatellite   B. Microsatellites    C. Macrosatellites    D. Nanosatellites 

28. Which of the following part of DNA that enters the plant nucleus where it is integrated into the plant nuclear genome?

A. Transposon    B. T-DNA    C. Ti Plasmid    D. Retroelement

29. Which of the following is NOT an correct reason concerning the importance of the Human Genome Project?

  A. to make the human gene catalog 

  B. to understanding how the information contained in the genome is utilized by the cell. 

  C. to understanding the organization of the intergenic DNA in human genomes

  D. to deduce the double helix structure

30. The rate of uptake can be enhanced significantly by suspending the cells in calcium chloride before adding the DNA, and then briefly incubating the mixture at.

  A. 32 °C     B. 42 °C.     C. 52 °C     D. 72 °C

DIRECTIONS:

Powerful molecular biology techniques now allow us to amplify, analyze, and compare genes. Review these methods by matching each phrase on the left with a term on the right. Terms may be used MORE THAN ONCE or NOT AT ALL.